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Barton Ford Haynes is an American physician and immunologist internationally recognized for work in T-cell immunology, retrovirology and HIV vaccine development. Haynes is a Frederic M. Hanes Professor of Medicine and Immunology at Duke University Medical Center. He is the Director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), which was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2012.〔National Institutes of Health. "(NIH Awards $31 Million for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery )." Press Release. July 11, 2012.〕 In addition, Haynes directs the B-cell Lineage Envelope Design Study, the Centralized Envelope Phase I Study, and the Role of IgA in HIV-1 Protection Study as part of the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), which was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2006.〔Jon Cohen. "(Gates Foundation Doubles Support for AIDS Vaccine Research )." Science. 21 July 2006. (313) 5785: 283.〕〔Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery. (About the Grantees ).〕 Haynes was the director of the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI), which was funded by the NIAID from 2005-2011 to overcome obstacles to HIV vaccine development.〔National Institutes of Health. "(NIAID Funds Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) )." Press Release. July 14, 2005.〕〔National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology. (Questions and Answers ).〕 The "big science" approach of the CHAVI grant enabled the following scientific discoveries by the CHAVI team: 1) the delineation of HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses that are responsible for the transmission of HIV/AIDS; 2) the discovery of host tolerance mechanisms that limit the induction of broad neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 infection; 3) the fine mapping and delineation of the immunological events that transpire during the earliest days of HIV-1 infection; 4) the discovery of new genes and gene mutations/duplications that contribute to HIV-1 control and progression; 5) the design of mosaic T cell and B cell Env vaccine candidates to overcome HIV diversity; 6) the discovery of the immune correlates of risk of infection in the RV144 trial;〔Haynes BF, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Zolla-Pazner S, Tomaras GD, Alam SM, Evans DT, Montefiori DC, Karnasuta C, Sutthent R, ''et al''. (2012). "Immune-Correlates Analysis of an HIV-1 Vaccine Efficacy Trial." ''N. Engl. J. Med.'' 366 (14): 1275-86. . PMID 22475592〕 7) the isolation of rare broad neutralizing HIV antibodies and their ancestor antibodies; and 8) the development of a new strategy for vaccine development called B Cell Lineage Immunogen Design.〔Haynes BF, Kelsoe G, Harrison SC, Kepler TB (2012). "B-cell-lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study." ''Nat. Biotechnol''. 30 (5): 423-33. . PMID 22565972〕〔Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology. (Progress Reports ).〕 Haynes received his bachelor's degree from the University of Tennessee in 1969 and his M.D. from Baylor College of Medicine in 1973. He completed his internship and residency at Duke University Medical Center in 1975. After conducting research for five years at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases from 1975 to 1980, Haynes returned to Duke as a member of the faculty in the Department of Medicine in 1980.〔Simon Noble. "(An Interview with Barton Haynes: A new virtual Center )." IAVI Report. 2005 Sep/Oct 9(4);4〕 He served as Chief of the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology from 1987-1995, and as Chair of the Department of Medicine from 1995-2002 at Duke University Medical Center. Haynes established the Duke Human Vaccine Institute in 1990 to support interdisciplinary efforts across Duke to develop vaccines and therapeutics for HIV and other emerging infections.〔Duke Human Vaccine Institute. (About the Institute ).〕〔UNC-TV. The New Age of HIV/AIDS. (Interview: Bart Haynes, M.D. )〕 Haynes served as a member of the NIAID Advisory Council,〔James Hadley. "(HHS Secretary Names Five to NIAID Advisory Council )." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Feb. 26, 1999〕 Chairman of the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine Roundtable for Development for Drugs and Vaccines against AIDS, and currently is Chair of the NIAID AIDS Vaccine Research Working Group that advises the National Institutes of Health (NIH) regarding the national HIV vaccine effort. Haynes served on the NIAID Blue Ribbon Committees on Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections held in February and October 2002. He received the Alexander Fleming Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Infectious Diseases Society of America in 2011 and the Ralph Steinman Award for Human Immunology Research from the American Association of Immunologists in 2013.〔Infectious Diseases Society of America. (Alexander Fleming Award Winners ).〕〔American Association of Immunologists. (2013 AAI Award Recipients ).〕 He was the recipient of the Duke Award for Basic Science Mentoring in 2011. Haynes is a Fellow of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and is a member of the Association of American Physicians, the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.〔Duke University Medical Center Office of Publications. "(Haynes Elected to Academy )." Inside DUMC 2002-09: May 07, 2007 Volume 16 No. 9〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barton Haynes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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